转贴：HOWTO: Tweaking Ubuntu after your first installation

picotrue

转贴：from  www.ubuntuforums.org
HOWTO: Tweaking Ubuntu after your first installation.

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Purpose: Create a basic all-in-one-guide for new ubuntu users to solve a few of the most important questions. The information below is also found on these forums and the official ubuntu wiki. I hope this small 9 step howto will be information for new ubuntu users.

If you have any thoughts or would like to see an essential item added let me know.

Now that you have Ubuntu installed lets tweak a few things to make your experience even better.
1. Getting the latest updates
2. Setting up Nvidia/ATI video drivers (only if you have Nvidia/ATI video cards)
3. Enable Universe in Synaptic
4. Installing Java systemwide / Firefox
5. Installing XMMS music player
6. Enable MP3 support in Rhythmbox
7. Installing basic development tools
8. Turn off ipv6 so firefox loads pages faster
9. Installing a CPU specific kernel.

1. Getting the latest updates.

Quote:
From your desktop select Computer > System Configuration > Synaptic Package Manager you will be asked to enter your password. Click the Reload button then select Mark All Upgrades and finally click Apply this will ensure your system is running the latest updates. You can follow this every few weeks to ensure you get new updates as well.  

2. Setting up Nvidia/ATI video drivers (only if you have Nvidia/ATI video cards). For ATI Video Drivers:

Quote:
1. sudo apt-get install linux-686 if you haven't already.

or -k7 or -686-smp or -386... whatever matches your kernel.

2. sudo apt-get install fglrx-driver
3. echo fglrx | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

This command won't have any effect until you reboot. To load the kernel module immediately, run sudo depmod -a ; sudo modprobe fglrx, but this will only work if you have already rebooted since upgrading the kernel. If it doesn't work, perform the next step (below) and then reboot.

4. sudo sed -i -e 's/"ati"/"fglrx"/' /etc/X11/XF86Config-4

Note: If you are going to compile 3d applications, you will want to install the fglrx-driver-dev package
Note: You might want to install the fglrx-control package, which provides a control panel to configure graphics card options such as dual-head display (two monitors)  

For NVIDIA Video Drivers:

Quote:
1. sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
2. sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
3. sudo reboot

Note: (optional): If you are going to compile 3d applications, you will want to install the nvidia-glx-dev package, like sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx-dev
Note: (optional): the nvidia-settings package provides a control panel to configure graphics card options such as gamma correction. Install: sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings  

3. Enable Universe in Synaptic.

Quote:
From your desktop select Computer > System Configuration > Synaptic Package Manager you will be asked to enter your password. Goto Settings > Repositories you will see (2) grayed out boxes click both of them, then click the Reload button.  


4. Installing Java systemwide / Firefox.

Quote:
Download Java: http://java.sun.com/webapps/downloa...L?BundleId=9718

1. chmod a+x j2re-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin
2. ./j2re-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin
3. sudo mv j2re1.4.2_05 /usr/local/
4. sudo ln -sf /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/bin/java /usr/bin/java
5. sudo ln -sf /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/bin/java_vm /usr/bin/java_vm
6. cd /home/username/.mozilla/plugins
If you do not have a plugins directory you can create one.
mkdir -p /home/username/.mozilla/plugins

7. ln -s /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/plugin/i386/ns610-gcc32/libjavaplugin_oji.so libjavaplugin_oji.so
8. sudo ln -s /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/plugin/i386/ns610-gcc32/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/

That should give you working firefox java and systemwide java support.


5. Installing XMMS music player.

Quote:
1. sudo apt-get install xmms

If you are running a Nvidia video card you need to add this package as well:
2. sudo apt-get install libmikmod  

6. Enable MP3 support in Rhythmbox.

Quote:
1. sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-mad  

7. Installing basic development tools.

Quote:
1. sudo apt-get install build-essential  

8. Turn off ipv6 so firefox loads pages faster.

Quote:
The latest version of Mozilla includes support for "IPv6" a new form of addressing things on the Internet.

The problem is: Mozilla tries to use IPv6 before it uses IPv4 (IPv4 is the old version). When your Internet connection doesn't support IPv6, Mozilla fails to connect on the first try. In the current version of Mozilla, you can't change this, because of a bug.

To fix this issue follow these steps:
1. sudo nano /etc/modutils/aliases

Look for this line:
# alias net-pf-10 off # IPv6

Change the line to: (remove the #)
alias net-pf-10 off # IPv6

2. sudo update-modules  

9. Installing a CPU specific kernel.

Quote:
1. sudo apt-get install linux-686 for newer Intel/AthlonXP
2. sudo apt-get install linux-k7 for any AMD Processors
3. sudo apt-get install linux-686-smp for Dual Intel Processors

picotrue

我看了，觉得还是蛮好的一篇文章，希望对兄弟们有帮助。

jimmy3719

YISOU翻译的
目的: 创造一个基本的所有在一指南使新ubuntu 用户解决一些最重要的问题。信息如下并且被发现在这些论坛和正式ubuntu wiki 。我希望这小9 步howto 将是信息为新ubuntu 用户。

如果您有任何想法或会想看一个根本项目增加告诉我。

即然您有Ubuntu 被安装让扭动几件事做您的经验更好。1. 得到最新的更新2. 设定的Nvidia/ATI 视频驱动程序(只如果您有Nvidia/ATI 显示卡) 3. 使能宇宙在突触神经4. 安装的Java systemwide/Firefox 5. 安装的XMMS 音乐球员6. 使能MP3 支持在7. 安装的基本的开发工具8. 关闭ipv6 如此firefox 装载页快速地9. 安装CPU 具体仁的Rhythmbox 。

1. 得到最新的更新。

行情: 从您的桌面精选的计算机系统配置突触神经的包裹经理您将请求输入您的密码。点击再装按钮然后精选的标记所有升级并且点击最后申请这将保证您的系统跑最新的更新。您能跟随这每隔几个星期保证您得到新更新。

2. 安装Nvidia/ATI 视频驱动程序(只如果您有Nvidia/ATI 显示卡) 。为ATI 视频驱动程序:

行情: 1. sudo 易于得到安装Linux 686 如果您已经没有。

或- k7 或-686-smp 或-386... 任何比赛您的仁。

2. sudo 易于得到安装fglrx 司机3. echo fglrx | sudo 发球区域- /etc/modules

这个命令不会有任何作用直到您重新起动。立刻装载仁模块, 跑的sudo depmod - a; sudo modprobe fglrx, 但这只将运作如果您已经重新起动从升级仁。如果这不有效, 执行下步(下面) 并且然后重新起动。

4. sudo sed - i - e ' s/"ati"/"fglrx"/' /etc/X11/XF86Config-4

注: 如果您编写3d 应用, 您将想要安装fglrx 司机dev 包裹笔记: 您也许想要安装fglrx 控制包裹, 提供一张控制板配置图形卡选择譬如双重头显示(二台显示器)

为NVIDIA 视频驱动程序:

行情: 1. sudo 易于得到安装2. sudo nvidia glx 设置使能3. sudo reboot 的nvidia-glx

注: (任意): 如果您编写3d 应用, 您将想要安装nvidia glx dev 包裹, 象sudo 易于得到安装nvidia glx dev 笔记: (任意): nvidia 设置包裹提供一张控制板配置图形卡选择譬如伽玛更正。安装: sudo
易于得到安装nvidia 设置

3. 使能宇宙在突触神经。

行情: 从您的桌面精选的计算机系统配置突触神经的包裹经理您将请求输入您的密码。Goto 您将看见(2) grayed 在箱子之外点击他们两个的设置贮藏库, 那么点击再装按钮。


4. 安装Java systemwide/Firefox 。

行情: 下载Java: http://java.sun.com/webapps/downloa... L?BundleId=9718

1. chmod a+x j2re 1_4_2_05 Linux i586.bin 2. /j2re 1_4_2_05 Linux i586.bin 3. sudo mv j2re1.4.2_05 /usr/local/ 4. sudo ln - sf /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/bin/java /usr/bin/java 5. sudo ln - sf /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/bin/java_vm /usr/bin/java_vm 6. 光盘/home/username/.mozilla/plugins 如果您没有一个plugins 目录您可能创造一mkdir - p /home/username/.mozilla/plugins

7. ln - s /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/plugin/i386/ns610-gcc32/libjavaplugin_oji.so libjavaplugin_oji.so 8. sudo ln - s /usr/local/j2re1.4.2_05/plugin/i386/ns610-gcc32/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/

那应该提供您服务的firefox Java 和systemwide Java 支持。


5. 安装XMMS 音乐球员。

行情: 1. sudo 易于得到安装xmms

如果您跑Nvidia 显示卡您需要增加这个包裹: 2. sudo 易于得到安装libmikmod

6. 使能MP3 支持在Rhythmbox 。

行情: 1. sudo 易于得到安装gstreamer0.8 疯狂

7. 安装基本的开发工具。

行情: 1. sudo 易于得到安装修造根本

8. 关闭ipv6 如此firefox 装载页更加快速。

行情: Mozilla 的最新的版本包括支持对于"IPv6" 演讲事的一个新形式在互联网。

问题是: Mozilla 设法使用IPv6 在它使用IPv4 之前(IPv4 是老版本) 。当您的互联网连接不支持IPv6, Mozilla 不连接在第一尝试。在Mozilla 的最新版, 您无法改变这, 由于臭虫。

修理这个问题跟随这些步: 1. sudo nano /etc/modutils/aliases

寻找这条线: # 别名网pf 10 # IPv6

改变线对: (去除#) 别名网pf 10 # IPv6

2. sudo 更新模块

9. 安装CPU 具体仁。

行情: 1. sudo 易于得到安装Linux 686 为更新的Intel/AthlonXP 2. sudo 易于得到安装Linux k7 为所有AMD 处理器3. sudo 易于得到安装Linux 686 smp 为双重英特尔处理器

hanabishi

好文啊，建议加精

lilyerr

ding

jnow

好文！！
只是下面的翻译
是机器做的吧，太烂了

picotrue

赫赫，我觉得这篇文章基本上可以看懂的，所以也就直接转贴过来了，下次有数了，看到自认为好文章，也把译文献上。