Remaster LFS6.3的方法（转）

lonelycloud

经过本人测试，可以成功实现。
注：本文加入了本人少量修改。

AUTHOR:         Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>, Sylvie Migneault alisou@alixe.org
  
DATE:           2007-11-28
  
LICENSE:        GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2
  
SYNOPSIS:       lfscd-remastering-HOWTO, for LFS LiveCD version 6.3
  
DESCRIPTION:    This is a guide that shows you how to remaster LFS LiveCD 6.3
  
PREREQUISITES:  LFS LiveCD 6.3
  
For LFS LiveCD 6.1-x, see the old "lfscd-remastering-howto-6.1.txt" hint by Sylvie Migneault. For LFS LiveCD 6.1.1-x, the old hint should work if one globally replaces LFS_CD with lfslivecd-VERSION, e.g. lfslivecd-x86-6.1.1-3.
  
For LFS LiveCD 6.2-x, see the old "lfscd-remastering-howto-6.2.txt" hint.
  
For LFS LiveCD 6.3-rX with x<2124, see the old "lfscd-remastering-howto-6.3-old.txt" hint.
  
HINT:
  
You will need:
  
  * Any Linux system with loop device, CD-ROM and ISO9660 filesystem support.
  * 3 GB of free hard disk space on one partition.

Use LFS LiveCD 6.3-rX CD boot:

1. net-setup
   
2. /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd start
   
3. passwd

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Remote link with SecureCRT.

Partition, format:

1. fdisk -l
   
2. fdisk /dev/sda
   
3. mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1

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This hint uses the $WORK environment variable as a name of a directory on that partition. E.g.:

1. export WORK=/mnt/lfslivecd
   
2. mkdir -pv $WORK

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Mount partition to $WORK:

1. mount -t ext3 -v /dev/sda1 $WORK

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The LiveCD uses the ISO9660 filesystem with Linux-specific transparent decompression extension. On that filesystem, there are the following files:
  
         boot/*
         root.ext2
  
The boot directory contains the Linux kernel, the initramfs image and the bootloader. The actual root filesystem (ext2) is in the root.ext2 file.
  
In order to remaster the CD, you have to install the following packages:
  
cdrtools-2.01:
         see the BLFS book

1. cd cdrtools-2.0.1
   
2. patch -Np1 -i ../cdrtools-2.01-mkisofs_iconv-1.patch
   
3. patch -Np1 -i ../cdrtools-2.01-ascii-2.patch
   
4. make INS_BASE=/usr DEFINSUSR=root DEFINSGRP=root
   
5. make INS_BASE=/usr DEFINSUSR=root DEFINSGRP=root install &&
   
6. install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/cdrtools-2.01 &&
   
7. install -v -m644 README* ABOUT doc/*.ps \
   
8. /usr/share/doc/cdrtools-2.01

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zisofs-tools-1.0.6:
         Download from http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/zisofs/
         Build with

1. cd zisofs-tools-1.0.6
   
2. ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install

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Mount the CD:

1. mount -t iso9660 -v /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

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Look at the root.ext2 file size:

1. ls -lh /media/cdrom/root.ext2

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If it is approximately 1.5 GB, the kernel uncompresses the CD for you. In this case, you can copy the file to your hard disk as usual:

1. cp -av /media/cdrom/root.ext2 $WORK/root.ext2

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If it is only 500 MB, you have to rebuild your kernel with ZISOFS support, or uncompress this file manually:

1. mkzftree -u -F /media/cdrom/root.ext2 $WORK/root.ext2

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In either case, you end up with a $WORK/root.ext2 file that is 1.5 GB in size.
  
This may or may not be sufficient for your remastered CD (or DVD) filesystem. If you want, you can resize the file with the resize2fs program from e2fsprogs version >= 1.39. Earlier versions of e2fsprogs cannot resize filesystem images directly.
  
Mounting the filesystem image is achieved with a loop device:
  

1. mkdir -pv $WORK/root
   
2. mount -o loop -v $WORK/root.ext2 $WORK/root

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It is a good idea to create and bind-mount a temporary directory, in order to preserve as many zeroed sectors as possible:   

1. mkdir -pv $WORK/build $WORK/root/build
   
2. mount --bind -v $WORK/build $WORK/root/build

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Mount other directories necessary for chrooting:

1. mount -t proc -v proc $WORK/root/proc
   
2. mount -t sysfs -v sysfs $WORK/root/sys
   
3. mount -t devpts -v devpts $WORK/root/dev/pts
   
4. mount -t tmpfs -v tmpfs $WORK/root/dev/shm

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Note: contrary to the instructions in the LFS book, tmpfs is not mounted on $WORK/root/dev. This is because all the necessary devices are already created as static nodes.
  
Copy the DNS configuration into the chroot:

1. cp -av /etc/resolv.conf $WORK/root/etc/resolv.conf

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Chroot to the filesystem:

1. chroot $WORK/root

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Compile apache:

1. cd /build
   
2. tar xvf httpd-2.2.3.tar.gz
   
3. cd httpd-2.2.3
   
4. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
   
5. make
   
6. make install

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Add group and user apache:

1. groupadd -g 80 apache
   
2. useradd -u 80 -g 80 -c apache -d /dev/null -s /bin/false apache

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Edit apache configure file httpd.conf:

1. User apache
   
2. Group apache
   
3. ServerName 127.0.0.1

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Test apache configure file:

1. /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t

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Add apache to System Server:

1. cp -av /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

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In the chroot, change the current directory to /build, and install any additional packages you want. Modify other files as necessary. If you want to compile a new kernel, please include the following options:

1. CONFIG_MD=y
   
2. CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM=y
   
3. CONFIG_DM_SNAPSHOT=y
   
4. CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y or m
   
5. CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=y or m
   
6. CONFIG_ZISOFS=y

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Generate initramfs images for your CD by running the create-initramfs command for each kernel. This command accepts the following parameters: the LiveCD version, the kernel version, and the name of the initramfs file to create.
For self-compiled kernels, the list of directories to search for modules is not accurate, and you can either ignore "no such file" errors (if you feel lucky)
or edit the /usr/bin/create-initramfs script. For the default LiveCD kernel, the shipped script should just work.
  
For x86:

1. [color="Red"]create-initramfs x86-6.3-custom 2.6.22.5 initramfs_data.cpio.gz
   
2. create-initramfs x86-6.3-custom 2.6.22.5-64bit initramfs_data64.cpio.gz[/color]

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For x86_64:

1. [color="red"]create-initramfs x86_64-6.3-custom 2.6.22.5-64bit initramfs_data64.cpio.gz [/color]

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(you can replace the "6.3-custom" with your own string). This produces the initramfs_data.cpio.gz and possibly initramfs_data64.cpio.gz files in the current directory. Copy them (and kernel bzImages, if you have built any) to /build:

1. cp -av initramfs_data*.cpio.gz /build

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Exit from the chroot and clean up the mounts:

1. exit
   
2. umount -v $WORK/root/dev/shm
   
3. umount -v $WORK/root/dev/pts
   
4. umount -v $WORK/root/sys
   
5. umount -v $WORK/root/proc
   
6. umount -v $WORK/root/build
   
7. rmdir -v $WORK/root/build

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Clean up bash history and DNS configuration:

1. rm -vf $WORK/root/root/.bash_history
   
2. rm -vf $WORK/root/etc/resolv.conf

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You may also want to remove other history files.
  
If you, by mistake, created and removed some files, the sectors previously occupied by those files begin to contain non-zero data. Such sectors are useless, but they don't compress well. Zero them out:

1. dd if=/dev/zero of=$WORK/root/zeroes

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This command will print a message that the disk is full. This is not an error.
Then, remove the file that fills the filesystem:

1. rm -vf $WORK/root/zeroes

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Now you can unmount the root.ext2 file:

1. umount -v $WORK/root
   
2. sync

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The "sync" command is needed due to a bug in the loop driver in some kernels that leads to a filesystem with errors otherwise.
  
Now make the directory structure for your LiveCD:

1. mkdir -pv $WORK/iso

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Copy the directory structure from the original LiveCD:

1. cp -rv /media/cdrom/*/ /media/cdrom/README.html $WORK/iso

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Replace the stock initramfs images (and, possibly, kernel images) with your own:

1. cp -rv $WORK/build/initramfs_data*.cpio.gz \
   
2. $WORK/iso/boot/isolinux/

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Recompress the root.ext2 file:

1. mkzftree -Fv $WORK/root.ext2 $WORK/iso/root.ext2

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Recreate the CD image ([color="red"]the string avter "lfslivecd-" must be the same as you used when creating the initramfs):

1. cd $WORK/iso ; mkisofs -z -R -l --allow-leading-dots -D -o \
   
2. ../[color="red"]lfslivecd-x86-6.3-custom[/color].iso -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin \
   
3. -c boot/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
   
4. -V "[color="red"]lfslivecd-x86-6.3-custom[/color]" ./

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Burn and test. Have a fun.
  
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
  
         The team of "Linux From Scratch" and all users.
         Sylvie Migneault <alisou@alixe.org> for the initial hint.
         All users wich contribute at the OpenSource project. :-)
  
CHANGELOG:
  
    [2005-11-07]
     * Initial hint by Sylvie Migneault
  
    [2006-08-06]
     * Updated to LFS LiveCD based on device mapper (6.2-pre4 and later)
  
    [2007-06-11]
     * Updated for 6.3-pre2
  
    [2007-08-28]
     * Updated for the final 6.3 version
  
    [2007-10-21]
     * Updated for the new create-initramfs script
  
    [2007-11-28[
     * Updated my e-mail address
     * Added kernel instructions

lonelyao

如果重新编译内核，还能从硬盘启动嘛？