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2005年7月6日更新:
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有朋友谦版面太长,所以提供word文档下载,方便朋友们浏览:
http://tingyushi.nease.net/guanghuisuiyue/freebsd5xwindows.doc
装好该工作站已很长时间,但一直没时间整理下写个笔记,昨天花了一下午整了出来,希望对正在安装或想安装freebsd工作站的朋友有点用。
注:新手安装,有错误之处请谅解\指正,谢谢!
================================================================
FreeBSD5.4Release X Windows 安装笔记 (Freebsd5.4R+Gnome2.10.0)
By 老管 2005-6-7 email: funpower [at] gmail.com
截图:
机器配置:
核心:P4\1.7G
主板:MSI845
内存:金士顿256*2
硬盘:迈拓40G
显卡:ATI Radeon 7500
显板:Samsung SyncMaster 753DFX
声卡:Creative Sound Blaster Live!
一、安装FreeBSD5.4Release
从http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html选择一个FTP服务器下载,然后刻成光盘。接下来从光盘安装,我的几点选项:
1、选择软件包时选择最小化安装。
2、安装到ports时选择net-->;cvsup,以便更新ports。
其它的都默认安装,具体可参考:http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/d ... stall-start.html,安装完后重启机器。
二、配置FreeBSD
1、配置/etc/rc.conf,我的rc.conf:
- hostname="gjf.jscpu.com"
- defaultrouter="192.168.20.254"
- ifconfig_rl0="inet 192.168.121.250 netmask 255.255.255.0"
- ifconfig_rl1="inet 192.168.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
- inetd_enable="YES"
- linux_enable="YES"
- moused_enable="YES"
- #sshd_enable="YES"
- #usbd_enable="YES"
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2、配置/etc/resolv.conf,我的resolv.conf:
- domain jscpu.com
- nameserver 221.228.255.1
- nameserver 218.2.135.1
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完成后重启机器。
3、将光盘放入光驱中,安装ports和src
然后选择Configure-->;Distributions,然后利用空格键选择src和ports两项,点install,安装完成后重启机器。
4、启用ftp(后面上传文件用)
将ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/ftpd ftpd -l一行的#号去掉。
保存后退出。
三、升级ports
- #cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile /etc/funpower
- #cd /etc
- # ee funpower
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修改下面一行:
default host=cvsup2.FreeBSDChina.org
然后运行如下命令:
完成安装后重启机器。
四、配置内核文件
配置内核时每项说明可以参考这:http://people.freebsdchina.org/k ... ok/sound-setup.html
下面是具体的操作:
- #cd /sys/i386/conf
- #cp GENERIC funpower
- #ee funpower
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我的内核文件如下:
- #
- # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
- #
- # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
- # Kernel Configuration Files:
- #
- # http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
- #
- # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
- # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
- # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
- # latest information.
- #
- # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
- # device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
- # If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
- # in NOTES.
- #
- # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $
- machine i386
- cpu I686_CPU
- ident funpower
- # To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
- #hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices.
- options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler
- options INET # InterNETworking
- options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols
- options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
- options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support
- options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists
- options UFS_DIRHASH # SYSV-style message queues
- options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores
- options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
- options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev
- options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
- # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
- options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
- # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
- options ADAPTIVE_GIANT # Giant mutex is adaptive.
- device apic # I/O APIC
- # Bus support. Do not remove isa, even if you have no isa slots
- device isa
- device eisa
- device pci
- # Floppy drives
- #device fdc
- # ATA and ATAPI devices
- device ata
- device atadisk # ATA disk drives
- #device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
- device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
- #device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
- #device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
- options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering
- #加载声卡
- device sound
- device "snd_emu10k1"
- # SCSI Controllers
- #device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
- #device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
- #device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
- #device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
- #device isp # Qlogic family
- #device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
- #device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
- #device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
- #device trm # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
- #device adv # Advansys SCSI adapters
- #device adw # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
- #device aha # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
- #device aic # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
- #device bt # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters
- #device ncv # NCR 53C500
- #device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
- #device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
- # SCSI peripherals
- #device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
- #device ch # SCSI media changers
- #device da # Direct Access (disks)
- #device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
- #device cd # CD
- #device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
- #device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)
- # RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
- #device amr # AMI MegaRAID
- #device arcmsr # Areca SATA II RAID
- #device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
- #device ciss # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
- #device dpt # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
- #device hptmv # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
- #device iir # Intel Integrated RAID
- #device ips # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
- #device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
- #device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
- # RAID controllers
- #device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID
- #device aacp # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
- #device ida # Compaq Smart RAID
- #device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family
- #device pst # Promise Supertrak SX6000
- #device twe # 3ware ATA RAID
- # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
- device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller
- device atkbd # AT keyboard
- device psm # PS/2 mouse
- device vga # VGA video card driver
- device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support
- # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
- device sc
- # Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
- #device vt
- #options XSERVER # support for X server on a vt console
- #options FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor
- device agp # support several AGP chipsets
- # Floating point support - do not disable.
- device npx
- # Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
- #device apm
- # Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
- device pmtimer
- # PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
- # PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
- #device cbb # cardbus (yenta) bridge
- #device pccard # PC Card (16-bit) bus
- #device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus
- # Serial (COM) ports
- device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
- # Parallel port
- device ppc
- device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required)
- device lpt # Printer
- device plip # TCP/IP over parallel
- device ppi # Parallel port interface device
- #device vpo # Requires scbus and da
- # If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
- # supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
- # line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers):
- #device puc
- # PCI Ethernet NICs.
- device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
- device em # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
- device ixgb # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
- device txp # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
- device vx # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
- # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
- # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
- device miibus # MII bus support
- #device bfe # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
- #device bge # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
- #device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
- #device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
- #device lge # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
- #device nge # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
- #device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
- #device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
- device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
- #device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
- #device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
- #device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
- #device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
- #device ti # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
- #device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
- #device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
- device vge # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
- device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
- #device wb # Winbond W89C840F
- device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
- # ISA Ethernet NICs. pccard NICs included.
- #device cs # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
- # 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
- device ed # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
- device ex # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
- device ep # Etherlink III based cards
- device fe # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
- device ie # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
- device lnc # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
- device sn # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
- device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet
- # ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
- #device le
- # Wireless NIC cards
- device wlan # 802.11 support
- device an # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
- device awi # BayStack 660 and others
- device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
- #device wl # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.
- # Pseudo devices.
- device loop # Network loopback
- device mem # Memory and kernel memory devices
- device io # I/O device
- device random # Entropy device
- device ether # Ethernet support
- #device sl # Kernel SLIP
- #device ppp # Kernel PPP
- device tun # Packet tunnel.
- device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
- device md # Memory "disks"
- device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
- device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
- # The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
- # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
- # Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
- device bpf # Berkeley packet filter
- # USB support
- #device uhci # UHCI PCI->;USB interface
- #device ohci # OHCI PCI->;USB interface
- #device ehci # EHCI PCI->;USB interface (USB 2.0)
- #device usb # USB Bus (required)
- #device udbp # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
- #device ugen # Generic
- #device uhid # "Human Interface Devices"
- #device ukbd # Keyboard
- #device ulpt # Printer
- #device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
- #device ums # Mouse
- #device urio # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
- #device uscanner # Scanners
- # USB Ethernet, requires mii
- #device aue # ADMtek USB Ethernet
- #device axe # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
- #device cdce # Generic USB over Ethernet
- #device cue # CATC USB Ethernet
- #device kue # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
- #device rue # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet
- # FireWire support
- #device firewire # FireWire bus code
- #device sbp # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
- #device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)
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编辑好funpower后开始编译安装内核:
- #/usr/sbin/config funpower
- #cd ../../compile/funpower
- #make depend
- #make
- #make intall
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编译安装完成后重启机器。
五、安装Xorg和Gnome
为了安装方便,将1号和2号光盘的Packages文件夹的软件全部COPY到/usr/soft中:
- #mkdir /usr/soft
- #mount /cdrom
- #cd /cdrom
- #cp -R * /usr/soft
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通过上面的方法将2号盘的Packages也拷入/usr/soft中。
接下来开始安装:
- #cd /usr/soft
- #pkg_add xorg-6.8.2.tbz //freebsd5.3之后都用xrog,不用XFree86了
- #pkg_add gnome2-2.10.0.tbz
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完成安装后重启机器。
六、配置xorg.conf
- #cd /usr/X11R6/bin
- #./xorgcfg -textmode
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根据自己的硬件配置每个选项,然后选择最后第二项Write xorg.conf and quit,然后出现一个对话框问你是否将配置文件copy到/etc/X11目录中,选择OK。
然后编辑/etc/X11/xorg.conf的Section”Input Device”,使支持鼠标的滚轮:
- #cd /etc/X11
- #ee xorg.conf
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- Section "InputDevice"
- Identifier "Mouse0"
- Driver "mouse"
- Option "Protocol" "Auto"
- Option "Emulate3Buttons"
- Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
- Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
- EndSection
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我的xorg.conf:
- Section "ServerLayout"
- Identifier "Layout0"
- Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
- InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
- InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
- EndSection
- Section "Files"
- EndSection
- Section "Module"
- Load "freetype"
- # Load "xtt"
- Load "extmod"
- Load "glx"
- Load "dri"
- Load "dbe"
- Load "record"
- Load "xtrap"
- Load "type1"
- Load "speedo"
- EndSection
- Section "InputDevice"
- Identifier "Mouse0"
- Driver "mouse"
- Option "Protocol" "Auto"
- Option "Emulate3Buttons"
- Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
- Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
- EndSection
- Section "InputDevice"
- Identifier "Keyboard0"
- Driver "keyboard"
- Option "XkbModel" "pc101"
- Option "XkbLayout" "us"
- EndSection
- Section "Monitor"
- Identifier "Monitor0"
- ### Uncomment if you don't want to default to DDC:
- # HorizSync 30 - 107
- # VertRefresh 48 - 120
- EndSection
- Section "Device"
- Identifier "Card0"
- Driver "ati"
- EndSection
- Section "Screen"
- Identifier "Screen0"
- Device "Card0"
- Monitor "Monitor0"
- DefaultDepth 24
- SubSection "Display"
- Viewport 0 0
- Depth 24
- Modes "1152x864"
- EndSubSection
- EndSection
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七、配置.xinitrc
使X Windows启动时默认的桌面系统为Gnome
- #echo “/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session” >; ~/.xinitrc
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八、运行X Windows
#startx
进入Gnome桌面系统,下面开始中文化和美化桌面Gnome.
注:这里可能会有两个提示错误,一个是说系统的hostname找不到映射,编辑/etc/hosts中,将下面一行:
192.168.20.1 gjf gjf.jscpu.com
加入其中。另一个是系统未找到声卡的驱动,你需重新安装声卡驱卡,具体见这:http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/d ... ok/sound-setup.html
九、中文化及美化
1、中文化Gnome
编辑.cshrc文件:
加入下面内容:
- setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN
- setenv LC_LANG zh_CN.eucCN
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保存后退出。
2、美化Gnome字体
通过ftp将windows下的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷贝到/var/ftp/incoming中。然后做如下操作:
- #mkdir /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/
- #cd /var/ftp/incoming
- #cp * /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/
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重启机器,登陆后运行startx,进入Gnome,没出错的话这时已经是中文版了,只是字体难看些,下面设置字体:点击[桌面]-->;[首选项]-->;[字体],将字体全部换成SimSun,字体大小为10,然后点[细节]选项,[平滑]选无,[微调]选轻微,[次像素顺序]选RGB。保存后关闭对话框。
十、安装常用软件
1、输入法:小企鹅输入法
- #cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx
- #make install clean
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完成安装后进行配置:
配置.cshrc
加入下面一行:
- setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
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保存后退出。
配置.xinitrc
在/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session的上面一行加入(不能放在它下面一行,否则不能启动):
保存后退出。
退出Gnome,然后再startx,这时就能看到企鹅输入法了。
2、网页浏览器:firefox
- #cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
- #make install clean
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3、即时通讯工具(包括OICQ):gaim-openq
- #cd /usr/ports/net/gaim-openq
- #make install clean
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4、MP3播放器:Xmms
- #cd /usr/ports/multimedia/xmms
- #make install clean
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1) xmms菜单栏乱码解决方法:
- #ee .gtkrc.mine //没有这个文件也这样操作
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加入如下内容:
- style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
- fontset = "-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,\
- -*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*"
- }
- class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"
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将playlist_font和mainwin_font换成如下内容:
- playlist_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
- use_fontsets=FALSE
- mainwin_use_xfont=FALSE
- mainwin_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"
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2) xmms播放列表解决方法:
打开xmms,然后,[首选项]-->;[字体]-->;[播放清单“浏览”]-->;[filter]-->;charset中选择gb2312.1980-0,然后在播放清单选项中的"-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"的未尾加上*-r-*,最后变成:"-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
保存后退出。
5、播放器:realplay10.0
从http://www.real.com/linux/点击download realplay下载RealPlayer10GOLD.bin至桌面。进行如下操作:
- #cd ~/Desktop
- #chmod a+x RealPlay10GOLD.bin
- #./RealPlay10GOLD.bin
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然后根据提示完成安装。
6、文档处理:OpenOffice
- #cd /usr/ports/chinese/openoffice-1.1-zh-CN
- #make install clean
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1) 安装期间需要三个包的支持:
(1) bsd-jdk14-patches-7.tar.gz
下载地址:http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk14.html
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。
(2) j2sdk-1_4_2-src.scsl.zip
下载地址:http://www.sun.com/software/comm ... /java2/download.xml
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。
(3) j2sdk-1_4_2_07-linux-i586.bin
下载地址:http://javashoplm.sun.com/ECom/d ... eId=22&
下载完后copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然后再次运行make install clean。
2) 中文化openoffice
将/var/ftp/incoming的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷贝到/usr/local/OpenOffice1.1.4/share/fonts/truetype/
3) 启动OpenOffice
- #cd ~/OpenOffice.org1.1.4
- #./soffice
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