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发表于 2003-11-8 09:47:09
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正在翻译的GNU/HURD安装向导
Installing the Hurd
安装the hurd
Neal H. Wal?eld
cCopyright ? 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Neal H. Wal?eld <neal@cs.uml.edu>
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the
copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modi?ed versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the sections entitled “Copying” and “GNU General Public License” are included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another lan?guage, under the above conditions for modi?ed versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
1 Overview
1概述
The Debian GNU Hurd distribution, unlike distributions of other operating systems, does not have a nice installation program. One day it will and maybe you will help design and implement it; however, until that day, installing the GNU Hurd requires another operating system, speci?cally, another Unix?like system1 . Users have indicated successful installations using di?erent ?avors of GNU/Linux as well as the BSDs. The minimum requirements of the bootstrap operating system are the ability: to create an ext2 ?le system; to extract a tar archive on to it; and to install GNU Grub.
Debian GNU Hurd发行版不像别的操作系统的发行版,它没有一个好的安装程序,某一天会有,或者你会帮忙设计并实现它,然而,直到那一天为止,安装the GNU Hurd需要另一个操作系统,尤其是另一个类unix操作系统.用户指出已经成功的用不同喜好的GNU/Linux以及BSDs安装了它.安装一个可启动的操作系统的最小要求是具有以下能力:
创建一个ext2文件系统,解压一个tar包到上面,并安装GNU Grub
The GNU Hurd is similar in nature to any Unix?like system: after logging in, the user is presented with a shell and the familiar Unix VFS, virtual ?lesystem. Although GNU tries to be POSIX compliant, it is not Unix. The Hurd builds upon many of the Unix concepts and extends them to either add new functionality or to ?x what has been perceived as ?aws in the original design. The most noticeable di?erence is translators, user space programs which interact with the VFS. These ?flesystems do not live living in the kernel nor do they need to be run as root; they only need access to the backing store and the mount point. Another di?erence is that processes, rather having a single user identity ?fixed at creation time, have identity tokens which are disjoint from the process, i.e. they may be added with the appropriate permission from an authority or destroyed.
GNU Hurd 和任何unix类操作系统十分相似:登陆后用户会有一个shell和一个熟悉的Unix VFS虚?文件系统.虽然GNU尝试符合POSIX标准,但是他不是UNIX.the Hurd基于很多的Unix概念并且或者增加新的功能,或者去掉被发现是不正确的初始设计,来扩展它们.最值得关注的是转译器,与VFS交互的用户空间程序.这些文件系统并不长驻内核,也不需要用根用户运行;它们仅仅需要backing 存储和挂载点.另外一个不同在于进程,(这里很难翻译准确,大家帮忙)
Being familiar with the Unix environment is an imperative for feeling at ease in GNU. Having experience with the Debian tools will also prove invaluable to the con?guration and maintenance of a GNU/Hurd box.
熟悉UNIX 环境对于在GNU中感觉轻松是必要的,有使用debian工具的经验也会提高你配置和维护GNU/Hurd box的能力
This guide endeavors to make installing the Hurd as painless a process as possible. If there are errors, they are most certainly the author’s. Please report them, along with any other suggestions or criticisms, to him; all are gladly accepted.
本向导致力于尽量使得安装the Hurd成为一个没有痛苦的过程.如果有错误的话,大多数是作者的错误.请把它们连同任何建议或批评发给作者,这些错误会被高兴的采纳的.
2 Real Estate or Finding A Home
If you do not have an available partition or an extra hard drive, this can be the longest step. In this case, you will need to repartition the hard drive. One solution is to use GNU’s partition editor, Parted. It features not only basic partition editing but also partition resiz?ing and moving functionality. It can be found at http://www.gnu.org/software/parted. The manual is quite complete and includes several tutorials.
如果你没有一个可用的分区或者一个多余的硬盘,这一步可能是最长的一步.如果是这种情况,你需要重新划分硬盘分区.一种解决方案是使用GNU的分区编辑器,Parted,它不仅有基本的分区编辑特性,也具有重新划分分区以及移动分区的功能.你可以在http://www.gnu.org/software/part ... 包含一些教程.
The Hurd can only support partition sizes of up to approximately two gigabytes; anything larger than this will not work. This limitation is due to a design decision that was made several years ago in which the ?lesystem server maps the entire ?lesystem into virtual memory. As the amount of virtual memory available on an ia32 is only four gigabytes of which Mach allocates three gigabytes to the application and, of that, a signi?cant portion is reserved for the code, the stack and the heap, the ?nal, maximum contiguous virtual memory area that remains is generally about two gigabytes. This limitation is scheduled to be removed.
The Hurd只能支持最大大约为2G的分区大小.任何大于这个数值的分区都不会工作.这个限制是由于多年前做的一个决定:文件系统服务影射整个文件系统到虚?内存中.因为IA32的虚?内存总计只有4GB,而MACH分配3GB给应用程序,这其中一部分重要的部分保留给代码,堆栈和堆,最后,临近的虚?内存区域就只剩下大概2GB了,这个限制正在准备移除.
Philip Charles has created a set of CDs (available at http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd?cd) which contains a live Debian GNU/Linux system thereby arguably eliding this requirement, however, we maintain that this is functionally equivalent.
Having said that, a single two gigabyte filesystem is more than enough for a working system. Many, however, prefer at least two ?lesystems: a root ?lesystem and a second for ‘/home’. This latter scheme is highly advised for developers: compiling the Hurd can take up quite a bit of space.
就上面说的来说,一个2GB的文件系统对于一个可以工作的系统来说已经远远足够了.然而,最好有最少两个文件系统(分区),一个根分区,一个作为/home挂载点的分区.后一个分区对于程序员来说十分必要:因为编译the Hurd可能占用很大一部分空间. |
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