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FreeBSD 5.4 stable 与 MS windows xp 双系统安装
截图:
http://www.dlls.org/bbs/attachme ... mp;attachpath=3/8/7
http://www.dlls.org/bbs/attachme ... mp;attachpath=3/8/7
http://www.dlls.org/bbs/attachme ... mp;attachpath=3/8/7
http://www.dlls.org/bbs/attachme ... mp;attachpath=3/8/7
关键词：FreeBSD 5.4 Stable 双系统 windows xp ADSL 拨号网
关键词：FreeBSD 5.4 Stable 双系统 windows xp ADSL 拨号网
本文约定:
#开头的命令 为 root
%开头的命令为 一般用户
我现在工作环境离不开 windows ，又想尝试一下 FreeBSD ，所以我选择了双系统。
我的硬件环境：
CPU：PIII 933
内存：512M
显卡：MX400
声卡：SBLlive!
硬盘：酷鱼60G
期望达到的软件环境：
FreeBSD5.4 Stable
MS windows xp with sp2
下面开始漫长的安装过程
（ 1）：分区
FreeBSD 12G ad0s1
Windows xp 12G ad0s2
windows 扩展分区 36G
8.5G ad0s5
27.5G ad0s6
(可以安自己需求分区，但FreeBSD分区不能太小，
Ports安装软件时，要比较大的剩余空间，如果原
来硬盘有数据，可以用 Pqmagic来划出空间来安
装BSD，如果有重要数据，应先备份。）
（ 2）：至此，分区已完成，接下来开始安装windows xp ,
把windows xp 安装在ad0s2中，由于windows安装相对
比较简单，这里就不用说明了，windows 的安装就到
此为止了。
（ 3）：安装FreeBSD5.4
光盘启动，选择 standard, 然后选择 ad0s1 进行安装
选择最小安装（具体安装方法参看手册），当出现：
Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility 时
选择不安装,安装完之后重启。
以root 登录，运行 sysinstall ->configure->Distribution
选中 src 和 ports 进行安装。
（4）：配置设置PPP，使FreeBSD 能通过 ADSL 上网
编辑 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf 文件
我的 ppp.conf 为：
#################################################################
# PPP Sample Configuration File
# Originally written by Toshiharu OHNO
# Simplified 5/14/1999 by wself@cdrom.com
#
# See /usr/share/examples/ppp/ for some examples
#
# $FreeBSD: src/etc/ppp/ppp.conf,v 1.8 2001/06/21 15:42:26 brian Exp $
#################################################################
default:
set device PPPoE:fxp0
enable dns # request DNS info (for resolv.conf)
adsl:
set authname zsa88888888
set authkey password
set dial
set login
add default HISADDR # Add a (sticky) default route
上面只要改两点，就是authname,和 authkey , 相对应的ADSL帐号和密码
配置完后上网：ppp -nat -ddial adsl
( 5):安装cvsup
#pkg_add -r cvsup
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/stable-supfile .
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile .
#chmod u+w *supfile
编辑 stable-supfile 和 ports-supfile 更改：
×default host=cvsup.FreeBSDChina.org
运行：
#/usr/local/bin/cvsup -g -L 2 stable-supfile
#/usr/local/bin/cvsup -g -L 2 ports-supfile
( 6):编译源代码
#cd /usr/src
#make -j4 buildworld
(这里需要比较多的时间，1-2个小时吧）
( 7)：#cd /sys/i386/conf
#cp GENERIC ALVON
编辑 ALVON内核文件，去掉不要的设备项
如果要在 consol 中用 800x600 的分辩率
请加上： option VESA
option SC_PIXEL_MODE
到内核文件中（我的内核文件参看文章的最后）
#config ALVON
#cd ../compile/ALVON
#make depend;make;make install ; reboot
(需要10分左右)
( 8)：安装源代码,并更新 /etc 目录中的配置文件
#cd /usr/src
#make installworld
#mergemaster -cv
当出现提示，如果不是自己改动过的配置文件
则按 i 进行安装
( 9)：#reboot
#cd /usr/src
#make clean cleandir
进行清理工作
用 uname -a 应该可以看到 是 stalbe 版本了。
(10): 从ports安装
#cd/ports/emulators/linux_base-8
#make install clean
然后编辑 /etc/rc.conf
增加：
linux_enable="YES"
allscreens_flags="-g 100x37 VESA_800x600"
blanktime="560"
saver="logo"
(11)：编辑 /etc/make.conf 文件
增加：
CPUTYPE=i686
CFLAGS= -O3 -pipe
COPTFLAGS= -O3 -pipe
MASTER_SITE_BACKUP?=\
ftp://ftp.freebsdChina.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
tp://ftp.freebsd.org.cn/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}
WITH_CJK=yes
(12)：安装xorg
#cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
#make install clean
在make.conf 中加了 WITH_CJK=yes
在编译到 /usr/ports/x11-fonts/libXft
可能会出错，原因是：libXft 要在
ports/print/freetype2
ports/print/x11-fonts/fontconfig
之后才能通过，解决办法比较简单
先到那两个ports 中make install 了
然后再到 ports/x11/xorg中去make install
(13)：安装 gnome
由于gnome 安装要比较久的时间，中间会有比较多的设置
所以首先把所有设置一次来搞定，再编译，这样可以安心地
去睡个觉了。
#cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
#make config-recursive
接下来设置，然后安装
#make install clean
(14)：配置 xorg.conf
#xorgcfg -textmode
这个比较方便，基本上一步一步下来没有什么问题的。
然后把它存在 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 就可以了
如果Mouse有滚轮就在
Section "InputDevice" 那一节中加入：
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
(15)：配置~alvon/.xinitrc
我这里配置是 用户 alvon, 不是root
系统刚装好时加的用户，如果没有加，也可现在加
不过不建议用root
这个文件是x window 的配置用的
编辑那个文件，加入
gnome-session
这样，启动 X 时就会启动 gnome
(16)：启动X
#startx
如果没有问题的话,就可以启动X window 了
(17)：安装中文输入法
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx
#make install clean
配置 ~alvon/.cshrc
setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN
setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.eucCN
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
配置 ~alvon/.xinitrc
在第一行加入：
exec fcitx&
注意：一定要放在第一行
(18)：一些美化，设置
~alvon/.cshrc 中加入：
setenv LSCOLORS ExFxCxDxBxEgDxDEhGAcHd
alias ls ls -Gp
#mkdir /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
#mount -t ntfs /dev/ad0s2 /mnt
(如果从U盘COPY,#mount -t msdos /dev/da0s1 /mnt)
#cp /mnt/WINDOWS/Fonts/simsun.ttc /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/simsun.ttf
#cp /mnt/WINDOWS/Fonts/tahoma.ttf /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/tahoma.ttf
(19)：重新启动X
把字体设为 宋体 会好看些
字体发虚话，点 桌面->首选项 -> 字体 ， 点细节，平滑选无，微调先轻微。
重新启动系统
(20)：安装jdk
#cd /usr/ports/java/jdk15
我在安装时出错
然后安装
#cd /usr/ports/java/jdk14
#make install clean
然后再回去安装jdk15就成功了
然后在~alvon/.cshrc中加入：
setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.5.0
(21)：安装lumaqq
安装 bash shell
# cd /usr/ports/shells/bash
#make install clean
#cp /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash
到：http://lumaqq.linuxsir.cn/main/?q=node/231
下载了放在home里，然后打了补丁就可以运行 了
（至少我是直接可以运行了，如果不行的话，参考
http://www.linuxsir.cn/bbs/showt ... mp;highlight=lumaqq
(22)：安装常用软件
[1].web 浏览器 firefox 1.06 (当前最新）
#cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
#make install clean
[2]gaim 即时通讯工具（MSN Messager/Yahoo Messager 等)
#cd /usr/ports/net/gaim
#make install clean
[3]xmms MP3 播放器
#cd /usr/ports/multimedia/xmms
#make install clean
菜单/列表乱码解决方法
%vi ~alvon/.gtkrc.mine
内容为：
style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
fontset = "-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,\
-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*"
}
class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"
%vi ~alvon/.xmms/config
将playlist_font 和 mainwin_font 换成如下内容：
playlist_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
use_fontsets=FALSE
mainwin_use_xfont=FALSE
mainwin_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"
这样就解决了 xmms 字体乱码和字体破碎的问题
[4] gftp
#cd /usr/ports/ftp/gftp
#make install clean
[5]
#cd /usr/ports/www/linuxpluginwrapper
#make all install
然后按最后的提示 copy 配置文件到etc 目录下
[6] Realplay
Realplay已安装了
直接运行 realplay 就可以启动应用了。
[7] Abiword 所见即所得的文字编辑，可以编辑 ms word 文档
#cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword
#make install clean
[8] 安装 mplayer
# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
#make install clean
(23).其它
在windows xp 的调节好的显示屏, 发觉在 FreeBSD X windows 下往右偏了一小部份,
解决方法:
显示范围偏离中心，启动 X 后，开一个控制台，运行 xvidtune ，会出来一个对话框，供你调整屏幕的显示范围。你可以按 left right 这些按钮来调整显示区域。如果满意了，点击 show 这个按钮。将控制台得到类似的输出
"1024x768" 94.50 1024 1093 1168 1376 768 769 772 808 +hsync +vsync
追加到 xorg.conf 文件
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
Horizsync 30-107 ＃就是这里
VertRefresh 48-120 ＃还有这里
Modeline "1024x768" 94.50 1024 1093 1168 1376 768 769 772 808 +hsync +vsync
EndSection
以后，每次启动 X ，就会得到调整好的显示区域了，不用再调显示器。
(24).声卡驱动安装请参看文章: Enabling sound on FreeBSD 5.x
我的声卡是SBlive!
所以在 /boot/loader.conf 中加入
snd_emu10k1_load="YES"
最后说明:
本文综合其它前辈的精华和本人的体会而成
希望能对初入 FreeBSD,渴望使用X window
的人提供一点点帮助,本文凭记忆写得如果
有不妥之处,请来信告诉我:alvon_xu@yahoo.com.cn
alvon xu
2005-09-11
附件(内核配置文件)
#
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
# http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US ... lconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $
machine i386
#cpu I486_CPU
#cpu I586_CPU
cpu I686_CPU
ident ALVON
# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices.
options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler
options INET # InterNETworking
#options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols
options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support
options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists
options UFS_DIRHASH # Improve performance on big directories
options MD_ROOT # MD is a potential root device
options NFSCLIENT # Network Filesystem Client
options NFSSERVER # Network Filesystem Server
options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT
options MSDOSFS # MSDOS Filesystem
options CD9660 # ISO 9660 Filesystem
options PROCFS # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options PSEUDOFS # Pseudo-filesystem framework
options GEOM_GPT # GUID Partition Tables.
options COMPAT_43 # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 # Compatible with FreeBSD4
options SCSI_DELAY=15000 # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
options KTRACE # ktrace(1) support
options SYSVSHM # SYSV-style shared memory
options SYSVMSG # SYSV-style message queues
options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores
options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev
options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~128k to driver.
options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~215k to driver.
options ADAPTIVE_GIANT # Giant mutex is adaptive.
options VESA
options SC_PIXEL_MODE
device apic # I/O APIC
# Bus support. Do not remove isa, even if you have no isa slots
device isa
device eisa
device pci
# Floppy drives
device fdc
# ATA and ATAPI devices
device ata
device atadisk # ATA disk drives
device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
#device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering
# SCSI Controllers
#device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
#device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
#device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
#device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
#device isp # Qlogic family
#device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
#device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
#device trm # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
#device adv # Advansys SCSI adapters
#device adw # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
#device aha # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
#device aic # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
#device bt # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters
#
#device ncv # NCR 53C500
#device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
#device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
# SCSI peripherals
device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device ch # SCSI media changers
device da # Direct Access (disks)
device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device cd # CD
device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)
# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
#device amr # AMI MegaRAID
#device arcmsr # Areca SATA II RAID
#device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
#device ciss # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
#device dpt # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
#device hptmv # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
#device iir # Intel Integrated RAID
#device ips # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
#device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
#device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
#
# RAID controllers
#device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID
#device aacp # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
#device ida # Compaq Smart RAID
#device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family
#device pst # Promise Supertrak SX6000
#device twe # 3ware ATA RAID
# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller
device atkbd # AT keyboard
device psm # PS/2 mouse
device vga # VGA video card driver
device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device sc
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device vt
#options XSERVER # support for X server on a vt console
#options FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor
device agp # support several AGP chipsets
# Floating point support - do not disable.
device npx
# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device apm
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device pmtimer
# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
#device cbb # cardbus (yenta) bridge
#device pccard # PC Card (16-bit) bus
#device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus
# Serial (COM) ports
device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
# Parallel port
device ppc
device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required)
device lpt # Printer
device plip # TCP/IP over parallel
device ppi # Parallel port interface device
#device vpo # Requires scbus and da
# If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
# supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
# line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers):
#device puc
# PCI Ethernet NICs.
#device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
#device em # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
#device ixgb # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
#device txp # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
#device vx # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device miibus # MII bus support
#device bfe # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
#device bge # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
#device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
#device lge # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
#device nge # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
#device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
#device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
#device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
#device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
#device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
#device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
#device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
#device ti # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
#device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
#device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
#device vge # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
#device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
#device wb # Winbond W89C840F
#device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
# ISA Ethernet NICs. pccard NICs included.
#device cs # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device ed # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device ex # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device ep # Etherlink III based cards
device fe # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device ie # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device lnc # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device sn # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet
# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device le
# Wireless NIC cards
device wlan # 802.11 support
device an # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device awi # BayStack 660 and others
device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device wl # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.
# Pseudo devices.
device loop # Network loopback
device mem # Memory and kernel memory devices
device io # I/O device
device random # Entropy device
device ether # Ethernet support
device sl # Kernel SLIP
device ppp # Kernel PPP
device tun # Packet tunnel.
device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
device md # Memory "disks"
device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device bpf # Berkeley packet filter
# USB support
device uhci # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device ohci # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device ehci # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device usb # USB Bus (required)
#device udbp # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device ugen # Generic
device uhid # "Human Interface Devices"
device ukbd # Keyboard
device ulpt # Printer
device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device ums # Mouse
device urio # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
device uscanner # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
#device aue # ADMtek USB Ethernet
#device axe # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
#device cdce # Generic USB over Ethernet
#device cue # CATC USB Ethernet
#device kue # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
#device rue # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet
# FireWire support
#device firewire # FireWire bus code
#device sbp # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
#device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!) |
|
IP卡
狗仔卡
发表于 2005-9-11 23:14:06
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡